A new research report by The George Institute for International Health, in collaboration with Auckland City Hospital and The University of Auckland, reveals a 40 percent decline in the number of deaths after stroke over the past 25 years. The study attributes the improved survival rate to healthcare factors associated with an increase in hospital admission and brain imaging during the most severe phase of the illness.
Stroke affects annually around 17 million people globally and is widely recognized as one of the biggest killers in both Australia and New Zealand. In New Zealand, over 7,600 strokes occur each year, while over 53,000 strokes take place in Australia per annum. However, research into stroke rates has shown a steady decline in stroke in many industrialized countries over recent decades, most notably in Caucasian populations, while Maori and Pacific populations in New Zealand have experienced a rise in stroke rates. Even with declines in the rate of stroke, the number of strokes occurring is expected to rise, with the ageing of the population and improved survival.
In three separate studies between 1981 and 2003, researchers investigated the rate of short and medium-term survival after stroke and found that the probability of survival increased from 1981, especially in the 28-day period following a stroke. According to principal investigator, professor Craig Anderson, director of the neurological and mental health division at The George Institute, the rate of hospitalization, brain imaging (CT or MRI scans) and medical attention have all increased dramatically over the period. "In 1981, 64 percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent of patients were admitted to hospital and 13 percent would have brain imaging. In 2003, 92 percent of patients were being admitted to hospital with 90 percent receiving scans. This improved level of stroke care has directly benefited stroke sufferers across New Zealand."
However, as the death rate declines, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients with an impaired level of consciousness and motor deficits following stroke. Kristie Carter, MD, research fellow for the study, says, "We found that a person's level of consciousness at the time of stroke, age and history of pre-morbid dependency, were strong predictors of survival."
"The increased number of stroke survivors in New Zealand is a positive outcome, showing more knowledge of the condition and how to treat it," says associate professor Valery Feigin of the University of Auckland's Clinical Trials Research Unit. "However, this also puts an additional burden on resources, both family and community. More needs to be done in preventing strokes and implementing evidence-based management and rehabilitation strategies (i.e., Acute Stroke Units). In addition, there needs to be increased awareness of the condition and how to reduce risk factors that can lead to strokes, such as elevated blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, etc. Only through this can we reduce the incidence of stroke and ultimately improve stroke outcome."
Source: The George Institute for International Health
